Uburyo bwo gukura bwa silicon imwe ya kirisiti ikorwa rwose mumashanyarazi. Umwanya mwiza wubushyuhe urafasha kunoza ubuziranenge bwa kirisiti kandi ufite imikorere myiza ya kristu. Igishushanyo cyumuriro wumuriro ahanini kigena impinduka nimpinduka mubushyuhe bwubushyuhe mumashanyarazi yumuriro. Urujya n'uruza rwa gaze mu cyumba cy'itanura no gutandukanya ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu murima w'ubushyuhe bigena mu buryo butaziguye ubuzima bwa serivisi bw'umuriro. Umuriro wubushyuhe udafite ishingiro ntabwo utuma gusa bigora gukura kristu yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, ariko kandi ntishobora gukura kristu imwe yuzuye muburyo bukenewe. Niyo mpamvu inganda za Czochralski monocrystalline silicon ifata igishushanyo mbonera cyumuriro nkikoranabuhanga ryibanze kandi igashora imbaraga nimbaraga nyinshi mubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi niterambere.
Sisitemu yubushyuhe igizwe nibikoresho bitandukanye byumuriro. Tuzamenyekanisha muri make ibikoresho bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi. Kubijyanye no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu murima wubushyuhe ningaruka zabyo mugukurura kristu, ntabwo tuzabisesengura hano. Ibikoresho byumuriro bivuga itanura rya kirisiti. Ibice byubatswe hamwe nubushyuhe bwicyumba cya chambre, nibyingenzi kugirango habeho imyenda ikwiye yubushyuhe ikikije semiconductor yashonga na kristu.
imwe. ibikoresho byumuriro ibikoresho byubaka
Ibikoresho byibanze byifashishwa mu gukura silikoni imwe ya kirisiti yuburyo bwa Czochralski nuburyo bwiza bwa grafite. Ibikoresho bya Graphite bigira uruhare runini mu nganda zigezweho. Mugutegura silikoni imwe ya kirisiti yuburyo bwa Czochralski, zirashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byubushyuhe bwumuriro nkubushyuhe, imiyoboro iyobora, umusaraba, imiyoboro yizuba, hamwe ninzira zingenzi.
Ibikoresho bya Graphite byatoranijwe kubera ubworoherane bwimyiteguro mubwinshi, gutunganya no guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Carbone muburyo bwa diyama cyangwa grafite ifite aho ishonga cyane kuruta ikintu cyose cyangwa ibice. Ibikoresho bya Graphite birakomeye cyane, cyane cyane ku bushyuhe bwinshi, kandi amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi nabyo ni byiza rwose. Umuyagankuba wacyo w'amashanyarazi utuma bikenerwa nkibikoresho bishyushya, kandi bifite ubushyuhe bushimishije bushobora gukwirakwiza neza ubushyuhe butangwa nubushyuhe kubice byingenzi ndetse nibindi bice byumurima wubushyuhe. Nyamara, ku bushyuhe bwinshi, cyane cyane intera ndende, uburyo nyamukuru bwo kohereza ubushyuhe ni imirasire.
Ibice bya graphite byabanje gukorwa no gusohora cyangwa gukanda isostatike ya karubone nziza ya karubone ivanze na binder. Ibice byujuje ubuziranenge bya grafite mubisanzwe bikanda. Igice cyose kibanza karubone hanyuma igashushanywa mubushyuhe bwinshi cyane, hafi 3000 ° C. Ibice bikozwe muri monoliths akenshi bisukurwa mukirere kirimo chlorine mubushyuhe bwinshi kugirango bikureho umwanda kugirango hubahirizwe inganda zikenerwa na semiconductor. Nubwo, hamwe nogusukura neza, urwego rwo kwanduza ibyuma ni ordre yubunini burenze ibyo byemewe na silicon ibikoresho bya kristu imwe. Kubwibyo, hagomba kwitonderwa mubishushanyo mbonera byumuriro kugirango wirinde kwanduza ibyo bice kwinjira mumashanyarazi cyangwa kristu.
Ibikoresho bya Graphite biremewe gato, bituma ibyuma bisigaye imbere bigera kubutaka byoroshye. Byongeye kandi, monoxide ya silicon iboneka muri gaze ya purge ikikije ubuso bwa grafite irashobora kwinjira cyane mubikoresho byinshi hanyuma ikabyitwaramo.
Amashanyarazi ya mbere ya kirisiti ya silicon yamashanyarazi yakozwe mubyuma byangiritse nka tungsten na molybdenum. Mugihe tekinoroji yo gutunganya grafite ikuze, imiterere yamashanyarazi ihuza ibice bigize grafite ihinduka itajegajega, hamwe nubushyuhe bumwe bwa kirisiti ya silicon itanura itara ryasimbuye burundu tungsten na molybdenum hamwe nubushyuhe bwibikoresho. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe ni isostatike ya grafite. semicera irashobora gutanga ubuziranenge bwibikoresho bya grafite.
Muri Czochralski itanura rimwe rya kirisiti ya silicon, ibikoresho bya C / C bigizwe rimwe na rimwe, kandi ubu birakoreshwa mugukora ibihingwa, ibinyomoro, umusaraba, ibyapa bitwara imitwaro nibindi bikoresho. Carbone / karubone (c / c) ibikoresho bigize ibikoresho ni fibre fibre ikomezwa na carbone ishingiye kubikoresho. Bafite imbaraga zidasanzwe, modulus yihariye, coefficente yo kwaguka yubushyuhe buke, itwara amashanyarazi meza, gukomera kwinshi kuvunika, uburemere buke bwihariye, guhangana nubushyuhe bwumuriro, kurwanya ruswa, Ifite urukurikirane rwibintu byiza cyane nko kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi kuri ubu ni byinshi ikoreshwa mu kirere, gusiganwa, biomaterial hamwe nizindi nzego nkubwoko bushya bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwihanganira ibintu byubatswe. Kugeza ubu, icyuho nyamukuru gihura na C / C ibikoresho byo murugo ni ikiguzi nibibazo byinganda.
Hariho ibindi bikoresho byinshi bikoreshwa mugukora imirima yubushyuhe. Carbone fibre ishimangira grafite ifite imiterere myiza yubukanishi; icyakora, birazimvye kandi ishyiraho ibindi bisabwa. Carbide ya Silicon (SiC) nibikoresho byiza kuruta grafite muburyo bwinshi, ariko bihenze cyane kandi biragoye guhimba ibice binini. Nyamara, SiC ikoreshwa kenshi nka CVD kugirango yongere ubuzima bwibice bya grafite byerekanwa na gaze ya silicon monoxide ikaze ndetse no kugabanya kwanduza grafite. CVD silicon yuzuye ya karbide ikingira neza ibyanduza imbere muri microporous grafite ibikoresho bitagera hejuru.
Ibindi ni CVD karubone, ishobora kandi gukora urwego rwuzuye hejuru yibice bya grafite. Ibindi bikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, nka molybdenum cyangwa ibikoresho bya ceramique bihuye nibidukikije, birashobora gukoreshwa aho nta kibazo cyo kwanduza gushonga. Nyamara, ceramics ya oxyde ifite ubushobozi buke bwo guhura nibikoresho bya grafite ku bushyuhe bwinshi, akenshi bigasigara ubundi buryo buke niba bikenewe. Imwe ni nitride ya boron itandatu (rimwe na rimwe yitwa grafite yera kubera imitungo isa), ariko ifite imiterere yubukanishi. Molybdenum isanzwe ishyirwa mubikorwa byubushyuhe bwo hejuru kubera igiciro cyayo giciriritse, ikwirakwizwa rito muri kirisiti ya silikoni, hamwe na coefficient yo gutandukanya ibintu, hafi 5 × 108, ibyo bikaba byemerera molybdenum kwanduza mbere yo gusenya imiterere ya kristu.
bibiri. Ibikoresho byo kubika amashanyarazi
Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa cyane ni karubone yunvikana muburyo butandukanye. Carbone yunvise ikozwe mumibabi yoroheje ikora nkubushyuhe bwumuriro kuko ihagarika imirasire yumuriro inshuro nyinshi mugihe gito. Carbone yoroshye ikozwe mu mpapuro zoroshye cyane, hanyuma igacibwa muburyo bwifuzwa hanyuma igafatana cyane kuri radiyo yumvikana. Umuti ukize ugizwe nibikoresho bya fibre bisa, ukoresheje karubone irimo karubone kugirango uhuze fibre yatatanye mubintu bikomeye kandi byiza. Gukoresha imyuka ya chimique yoherejwe na karubone aho guhambira birashobora kunoza imiterere yibikoresho.
Ubusanzwe, hejuru yinyuma ya insulente yakize yomekwa hamwe na grafitike ikomeza cyangwa ifu kugirango igabanye isuri no kwambara kimwe no kwanduza uduce. Ubundi bwoko bwibikoresho bishingiye kuri karubone nabyo birahari, nka karuboni ifuro. Muri rusange, ibikoresho bishushanyije bikunzwe neza kuko gushushanya bigabanya cyane ubuso bwa fibre. Ibikoresho byo hejuru byubuso butuma hasohoka cyane kandi bigafata umwanya muto wo gushushanya itanura mukibanza gikwiye. Ubundi bwoko ni C / C yibikoresho, bifite ibintu byingenzi nkuburemere bworoshye, kwihanganira ibyangiritse cyane, nimbaraga nyinshi. Byakoreshejwe mumashanyarazi kugirango bisimbuze ibice bya grafite, bigabanya cyane inshuro zo gusimbuza ibice bya grafite kandi bikazamura ubuziranenge bwa kristu hamwe n’umusaruro uhamye.
Ukurikije ibyiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo, ibyuka bya karubone bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bya karuboni bishingiye kuri polyacrylonitrile, ibyuka bya karuboni bishingiye kuri viscose, hamwe na karuboni ishingiye kuri asfalt.
Polyacrylonitrile ishingiye kuri karubone yunvikana ifite ivu rinini, kandi monofilaments iracika intege nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe bwinshi. Mugihe cyo gukora, umukungugu ubyara umusaruro byoroshye kugirango uhumanye ibidukikije. Muri icyo gihe, fibre yinjira byoroshye imyenge yabantu nu myanya y'ubuhumekero, bikangiza ubuzima bwabantu; Carbone ishingiye kuri viscose yumva Ifite imiterere myiza yubushyuhe bwumuriro, iroroshye cyane nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, kandi ntibishobora kubyara umukungugu. Nyamara, ibice byambukiranya imirongo ya viscose bifite imiterere idasanzwe kandi hari imigezi myinshi hejuru ya fibre, byoroshye kuyikora imbere yikirere cya okiside mumatanura ya Czochralski imwe ya kirisiti ya silicon. Imyuka nka CO2 itera imvura ya ogisijeni nibintu bya karubone mubikoresho bimwe bya kirisiti ya silicon. Inganda nyamukuru zirimo Ubudage SGL nandi masosiyete. Kugeza ubu, karuboni ishingiye kuri karubone ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda imwe ya semiconductor imwe rukumbi ya kirisiti, kandi imikorere yayo yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe ni nziza kuruta iyo karuboni yumye. Amashanyarazi ashingiye kuri karubone yumva ari hasi, ariko karubone ishingiye kuri asfalt ifite isuku ryinshi kandi ihumanya imyanda. Ababikora barimo Ubuyapani bwa Kureha Chemical, Gazi ya Osaka, nibindi.
Kubera ko imiterere ya karubone yunvikana idakosowe, ntibyoroshye gukora. Ubu ibigo byinshi byateguye ibikoresho bishya byubushyuhe bushingiye kumyuka ya karubone - yakize karubone. Carbone ikize yunvikana nayo yitwa ibyuma bikomeye. Ni karubone yunvikana ifite imiterere runaka no kwihaza nyuma yo guterwa na resin, laminated, ikomeye kandi karubone.
Ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bwa silikoni imwe ya kirisiti bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bushyuhe bwo mu murima, kandi ibikoresho bya karuboni fibre bigira uruhare runini muri ibi bidukikije. Carbone fibre yamashanyarazi yoroheje yunvikana iracyafite inyungu zikomeye muruganda rwa fotokoltaque ya semiconductor bitewe nibyiza byayo, ingaruka nziza zokoresha ubushyuhe bwumuriro, igishushanyo cyoroshye nuburyo bwihariye. Byongeye kandi, karuboni fibre ikingira cyane izagira umwanya munini witerambere mumasoko yumuriro wumuriro kubera imbaraga zayo kandi ikora cyane. Twiyemeje gukora ubushakashatsi no kwiteza imbere mubijyanye nibikoresho byokoresha ubushyuhe bwumuriro kandi tugahora tunonosora imikorere yibicuruzwa kugirango duteze imbere iterambere niterambere ryinganda zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-15-2024