Carbone ni kimwe mubintu bikunze kugaragara muri kamere, bikubiyemo imiterere yibintu hafi ya byose biboneka kwisi. Irerekana ibintu byinshi biranga, nko gukomera no kwiyoroshya bitandukanye, insulation-semiconductor-superconductor imyitwarire, ubushyuhe bwumuriro-superconductivity, hamwe no kwinjiza urumuri-byuzuye. Muri ibyo, ibikoresho bifite sp2 ivanga ni abantu nyamukuru bagize ibikoresho bya karubone, harimo grafite, nanotube ya karubone, graphene, fullerène, na karuboni ya amorphous.
Igishushanyo na Glassy Carbone Ingero
Mugihe ibikoresho byabanjirije bizwi, reka twibande kuri karuboni yikirahure uyumunsi. Carbone Glassy, izwi kandi nka karuboni yikirahure cyangwa karubone ya vitreous, ihuza imiterere yikirahure nububumbano mubintu bya karubone bidafite ishusho. Bitandukanye na grafitike ya hrstalline, ni ibikoresho bya amorphous carbone hafi 100% sp2-ivanze. Carbone yikirahure ikomatanyirizwa hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwibintu bya prursor organic, nka resinine ya fenolike cyangwa ibisindisha bya furfuryl, munsi yikirere cya inert. Isura yacyo yumukara hamwe nubuso bumeze nkibirahure byayihesheje izina "karuboni yikirahure."
Kuva synthèse yambere yakozwe nabahanga mu 1962, imiterere nimiterere ya karuboni yikirahure yarizwe cyane kandi ikomeza kuba ingingo ishyushye mubijyanye nibikoresho bya karubone. Carbone yikirahure irashobora gushyirwa mubwoko bubiri: Ubwoko bwa I na Ubwoko bwa II bwa karubone. Ubwoko bwa I karubone ya karubone yungurujwe mbere yubushyuhe buri munsi yubushyuhe buri munsi ya 2000 ° C kandi igizwe ahanini nibice bya graphene bigoramye. Ubwoko bwa II bwa karubone ibirahure, kurundi ruhande, byacumuye ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru (~ 2500 ° C) kandi bigakora amorphous multilayered eshatu-ya matrike ya materix yo kwiteranya na fullerene imeze nkimiterere (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira).
Ibirahuri bya Carbone Imiterere (Ibumoso) hamwe n’ibishusho bihanitse bya Electron Microscopi (Iburyo)
Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwagaragaje ko karubone yo mu bwoko bwa II yerekana ibirahure byerekana ububobere burenze Ubwoko bwa I, ibyo bikaba biterwa no kwishyira hamwe kwa fullerene-imeze nk'imiterere. Nuburyo butandukanye bwa geometrike, byombi Ubwoko bwa I na Ubwoko bwa II ibirahuri bya karubone bigizwe ahanini na graphene yagoramye.
Porogaramu ya Glassy Carbone
Carbone ya Glassy ifite ibintu byinshi byingenzi, birimo ubucucike buke, ubukana bwinshi, imbaraga nyinshi, kutemerwa cyane na gaze n’amazi, ihindagurika ryinshi ry’ubushyuhe n’imiti, ibyo bikaba bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nk’inganda, inganda, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
01 Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru
Carbone yikirahure yerekana ubushyuhe bwinshi muri gaze ya inert cyangwa ibidukikije, hamwe nubushyuhe bugera kuri 3000 ° C. Bitandukanye nibindi bikoresho byubutaka nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, imbaraga za karubone yikirahure yiyongera hamwe nubushyuhe kandi irashobora kugera kuri 2700K itavunitse. Ifite kandi misa nkeya, kwinjiza ubushyuhe buke, hamwe no kwaguka kwinshi kwubushyuhe, bigatuma ikwiranye nubushyuhe butandukanye bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru, harimo imiyoboro yo gukingira ya termocouple, sisitemu yo gupakira, hamwe n’ibice bigize itanura.
02 Imiti ikoreshwa
Bitewe no kwangirika kwinshi, karubone yikirahure isanga ikoreshwa cyane mubisesengura ryimiti. Ibikoresho bikozwe muri karubone yikirahure bitanga inyungu kurenza ibikoresho bisanzwe bya laboratoire bikozwe muri platine, zahabu, ibindi byuma birwanya ruswa, ububumbyi bwihariye, cyangwa fluoroplastique. Izi nyungu zirimo kurwanya ibintu byose byangirika bitose, nta ngaruka zo kwibuka (adsorption itagenzuwe na desorption yibintu), nta kwanduza ingero zasesenguwe, kurwanya aside hamwe na alkaline yashonga, hamwe nubuso butarimo ibirahuri.
03 Ikoranabuhanga ry'amenyo
Ibirahuri bya karuboni bikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwikoranabuhanga ry amenyo mugushonga ibyuma byagaciro hamwe na titanium. Zitanga ibyiza nkubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwumuriro, kuramba cyane ugereranije na grafitike ya grafite, nta gufatana kwamabuye y'agaciro yashongeshejwe, kurwanya ihungabana ryumuriro, gukoreshwa mubyuma byose byagaciro hamwe na titanium, gukoresha muri induction castrifuges, kurema ikirere kirinda ibyuma byashongeshejwe, no kurandura ibikenewe flux.
Gukoresha ibirahuri bya karuboni yibirahure bigabanya ibihe byo gushyushya no gushonga kandi bigatuma ibishishwa byo gushyushya igice cyo gushonga bikora ku bushyuhe buke ugereranije n’ibikoresho gakondo bya ceramique, bityo bikagabanya igihe gisabwa kuri buri guta no kwongerera igihe cyo kubaho. Byongeye kandi, kudahinduka gukuraho impungenge zo gutakaza ibintu.
04 Porogaramu ya Semiconductor
Carbone Glassy, hamwe nubuziranenge bwayo bwinshi, irwanya ruswa idasanzwe, kutagira uduce duto duto, ubwikorezi, hamwe nubukanishi bwiza, nibikoresho byiza byo gukora igice cya kabiri. Crucibles hamwe nubwato bukozwe mubirahuri byikirahure birashobora gukoreshwa mugushonga zone yibice bya semiconductor ukoresheje uburyo bwa Bridgman cyangwa Czochralski, synthesis ya gallium arsenide, hamwe no gukura kwa kristu. Byongeye kandi, karuboni yikirahure irashobora kuba nkibigize muri sisitemu yo gutera ion na electrode muri sisitemu yo gutera plasma. Ububasha bwacyo bwa X-ray butuma kandi ibirahuri bya karubone bikwiranye na X-ray mask substrates.
Mu gusoza, karubone yikirahure itanga ibintu bidasanzwe birimo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kutagira imiti, hamwe nubukorikori buhebuje, bigatuma bikwiranye ningamba nyinshi zikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye.
Menyesha Semicera kubicuruzwa byikirahure byabigenewe.
Imeri:sales05@semi-cera.com
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-18-2023