Muri iki gihe Photoresist ikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya no gukora ibishushanyo mbonera bishushanyije mubikorwa bya optoelectronic. Igiciro cyibikorwa byo gufotora bingana na 35% yuburyo bwose bwo gukora chip, naho gukoresha igihe bingana na 40% kugeza 60% bya chip yose. Nibikorwa byibanze mubikorwa bya semiconductor. Ibikoresho byo gufotora bingana na 4% yikiguzi cyose cyibikoresho byo gukora chip kandi nibikoresho byingenzi byifashishwa mu gukora imashanyarazi.
Iterambere ry’isoko ry’amafoto y’Ubushinwa rirenze urwego mpuzamahanga. Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’inganda, ngo igihugu cyanjye gitanga amafoto y’ifoto mu mwaka wa 2019 cyari hafi miliyari 7, kandi umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere kuva mu mwaka wa 2010 wageze kuri 11%, ibyo bikaba bisumba cyane umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’isi. Nyamara, isoko ryaho rifite hafi 10% gusa byumugabane wisi, kandi gusimbuza imbere byagezweho cyane cyane kubafotozi ba PCB bo hasi. Igipimo cyo kwihaza kwabafotora mumashanyarazi ya LCD na semiconductor kiri hasi cyane.
Photoresist nigishushanyo mbonera cyimikorere ikoresha ibisubizo bitandukanye nyuma yumucyo wo kwimura mask ya substrate. Igizwe ahanini na fotosensitif agent (photoinitiator), polymerizer (resensensitive resin), solvent and additive.
Ibikoresho fatizo byamafoto ni resin, solvent nibindi byongeweho. Muri byo, ibishobora kwishyurwa bifite umubare munini, muri rusange birenga 80%. Nubwo izindi nyongeramusaruro zifite munsi ya 5% ya misa, nibikoresho byingenzi bigena imiterere yihariye yifotozi, harimo fotosensiseri, surfactants nibindi bikoresho. Mubikorwa bya Photolithography, umufotozi yomekwa neza kumurongo utandukanye nka wafer wa silicon, ikirahure nicyuma. Nyuma yo kwerekanwa, kwiteza imbere no guterana, igishushanyo kiri kuri mask cyimuriwe muri firime kugirango gikore geometrike ihuye rwose na mask.
Abafotora barashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu ukurikije imirima yabyo yo hasi: porogaramu ya semiconductor Photoresist, panel Photoresist na PCB Photoresist.
Semiconductor Photoresist
Kugeza ubu, KrF / ArF iracyari ibikoresho byingenzi byo gutunganya. Hamwe niterambere ryumuzunguruko uhuriweho, tekinoroji ya Photolithography yanyuze mumajyambere kuva G-umurongo (436nm) lithographie, H-umurongo (405nm) lithographie, I-murongo (365nm), kugeza kuri ultraviolet DUV lithographie (KrF248nm na ArF193nm) Kwibiza 193nm wongeyeho tekinoroji yo gufata amashusho menshi (32nm-7nm), hanyuma hanyuma kuri ultraviolet ikabije (EUV, <13.5nm) lithographie, ndetse na lithographie itari optique (electron beam beam, ion beam exposure), hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwabafotozi bafite uburebure bujyanye nuburebure bwumurongo wa fotosensitif nabwo bwakoreshejwe.
Isoko ryamafoto rifite urwego rwo hejuru rwibanda ku nganda. Ibigo byabayapani bifite inyungu zuzuye mubijyanye nabafotozi ba semiconductor. Abakora inganda zikomeye zifotora zirimo Tokyo Ohka, JSR, Sumitomo Chemical, Shin-Etsu Chemical mu Buyapani; Semiconductor ya Dongjin muri Koreya yepfo; na DowDuPont muri Amerika, aho amasosiyete y'Abayapani afite 70% by'imigabane ku isoko. Ku bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa, Tokiyo Ohka iyoboye mu rwego rwa g-umurongo / i-murongo hamwe n’abafotozi ba Krf, hamwe n’imigabane ku isoko rya 27.5% na 32.7%. JSR ifite umugabane mwinshi mwisoko rya Arf Photoresist, kuri 25,6%.
Nk’uko byatangajwe n’ubukungu bwa Fuji, biteganijwe ko umusaruro wa ArF na KrF ku isi hose uzagera kuri toni 1.870 na 3,650 mu 2023, isoko rikaba rigeze hafi miliyari 4.9 na miliyari 2.8. Inyungu rusange y’abayobozi b’abafotozi b’Abayapani JSR na TOK, harimo n’abafotora, bagera kuri 40%, muri byo ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho fatizo bifotora bingana na 90%.
Abakora amafoto y’imbere mu gihugu barimo Shanghai Xinyang, Nanjing Optoelectronics, Jingrui Co., Ltd., Beijing Kehua, na Hengkun Co., Ltd. Kugeza ubu, gusa Beijing Kehua na Jingrui Co., Ltd. , n'ibicuruzwa bya Beijing Kehua byahawe SMIC. Biteganijwe ko toni 19,000 / yumwaka umushinga wa Photoresist ArF (wumye) wubatswe muri Shanghai Xinyang uzagera ku musaruro wuzuye muri 2022.
Umufotozi
Photoresist nigikoresho cyingenzi cyo gukora LCD panel. Nk’uko abakoresha batandukanye babivuga, irashobora kugabanywamo kole ya RGB, BM glue, OC glue, PS glue, TFT glue, nibindi.
Abafotora berekana cyane cyane ibyiciro bine: TFT wiring Photoresist, LCD / TP spacer Photosiste, abafotora amabara nabafotora birabura. Muri byo, abafotozi ba TFT bifashisha mu gukoresha insinga za ITO, naho abafotozi ba LCD / TP bakoreshwa kugirango bagumane umubyimba wibikoresho bya kirisiti byamazi hagati yibirahuri byombi bya LCD bihoraho. Abafotora amabara hamwe nabafotora birabura barashobora gutanga ibara ryungurura amabara ibikorwa byo gutanga.
Isoko ryabafotora isoko rigomba kuba rihamye, kandi ibyifuzo byabafotora barayobora. Biteganijwe ko kugurisha ku isi bizagera kuri toni 22.900 naho kugurisha bizagera kuri miliyoni 877 US $ muri 2022.
Biteganijwe ko igurishwa ry’abafotozi ba TFT, abafotora LCD / TP, hamwe n’abafotozi birabura biteganijwe ko rizagera kuri miliyoni 321 US $, miliyoni 251 US $, na miliyoni 199 US $ mu 2022. Dukurikije ibigereranyo bya Zhiyan Consulting, ingano y’isoko ry’abafotora ku isi yose izagera Miliyari 16.7 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda muri 2020, hamwe n'ubwiyongere bwa 4%. Dukurikije ibigereranyo byacu, isoko ry’amafoto rizagera kuri miliyari 20.3 mu 2025. Muri bo, hamwe no kwimura ikigo cy’inganda LCD, ingano y’isoko n’igipimo cy’abafotozi ba LCD mu gihugu cyanjye biteganijwe ko kiziyongera buhoro buhoro.
Umufotozi wa PCB
PCB ifotora irashobora kugabanywa muri UV ikiza wino na UV spray wino ukurikije uburyo bwo gutwikira. Kugeza ubu, abatanga inkingi za PCB zo mu gihugu bagiye bagera ku gusimbuza imbere mu gihugu, kandi amasosiyete nka Rongda Photosensitive na Guangxin Materials yize tekinoloji y’ingenzi ya wino ya PCB.
Imbere ya TFT yo gufotora hamwe na semiconductor Photoresist iracyari mubyiciro byubushakashatsi. Jingrui Co., Ltd., Yak Technology, Yongtai Technology, Rongda Photosensitive, Xinyihua, Umukororombya wa Electronics China, hamwe na Feikai Ibikoresho byose bifite imiterere mubijyanye nabafotozi ba TFT. Muri byo, ibikoresho bya Feikai na Beixu Electronics byateganije ubushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro ugera kuri toni 5.000 / ku mwaka. Yak Technology yinjiye muri iri soko igura ibara ryamafoto ya LG Chem, kandi ifite ibyiza mumiyoboro nikoranabuhanga.
Ku nganda zifite inzitizi zo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyane nka fotora, kugera ku ntera ku rwego rwa tekiniki niwo musingi, icya kabiri, gukomeza kunoza imikorere birasabwa kugira ngo bikemure iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Murakaza neza kurubuga rwacu kubicuruzwa no kugisha inama.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-27-2024