Abashinwa Wafer Abakora, Abatanga, Uruganda
Wafer ya semiconductor ni iki?
Wafer ya semiconductor ni ikintu cyoroshye, kizengurutse ibice bya semiconductor bikora nk'ishingiro ryo guhimba imiyoboro ihuriweho (IC) nibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Wafer itanga ubuso bunoze kandi bumwe bwubatswe kubintu bitandukanye bya elegitoroniki.
Igikorwa cyo gukora wafer gikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi, zirimo gukura kristu nini nini yikintu cyifuzwa cyifuzwa, gukata kristu muri waferi yoroheje ukoresheje icyuma cya diyama, hanyuma ugasiga kandi ugasukura waferi kugirango ukureho ubusembwa cyangwa umwanda. Wafer yavuyemo ifite ubuso buringaniye kandi bworoshye, nibyingenzi mubikorwa byo guhimba nyuma.
Wafers zimaze gutegurwa, zihura nuruhererekane rwimikorere ya semiconductor, nka Photolithography, etching, deposition, na doping, kugirango habeho uburyo bukomeye nibice bisabwa kugirango hubakwe ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Izi nzira zisubirwamo inshuro nyinshi kuri wafer imwe kugirango habeho imirongo myinshi ihuriweho cyangwa ibindi bikoresho.
Nyuma yo guhimba inzira irangiye, chip imwe kugiti cye itandukanijwe no gushushanya wafer kumurongo wateganijwe. Chipi yatandukanijwe noneho irapakirwa kugirango ibarinde kandi itange amashanyarazi kugirango yinjize mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
Ibikoresho bitandukanye kuri wafer
Wafers ya Semiconductor ikorwa cyane cyane muri silikoni imwe ya kirisiti kubera ubwinshi bwayo, ibikoresho byiza byamashanyarazi, hamwe no guhuza nibikorwa bisanzwe byo gukora igice cya kabiri. Ariko, bitewe nibisabwa byihariye nibisabwa, ibindi bikoresho nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora wafer. Dore ingero zimwe:
Carbide ya Silicon (SiC) nigikoresho kinini cya semiconductor itanga ibintu bifatika ugereranije nibikoresho gakondo. Ifasha kugabanya ingano nuburemere bwibikoresho byihariye, modules, ndetse na sisitemu zose, mugihe bizamura imikorere.
Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga SiC:
- -Umurongo mugari:Umuyoboro wa SiC wikubye inshuro eshatu urwa silikoni, uyemerera gukora ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, kugeza kuri 400 ° C.
- -Ikibanza Cyinshi cyo Kumeneka:SiC irashobora kwihanganira inshuro zigera ku icumi umurima w'amashanyarazi wa silicon, bigatuma iba nziza kubikoresho bikoresha ingufu nyinshi.
- -Ubushyuhe Bwinshi Bwubushyuhe:SiC ikwirakwiza neza ubushyuhe, ifasha ibikoresho kugumana ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukora no kongera igihe cyo kubaho.
- -Ubwinshi Bwuzuye bwa Electron Drift Umuvuduko:Hamwe n'umuvuduko wikubye kabiri umuvuduko wa silicon, SiC ituma inshuro nyinshi zihinduranya, zifasha muri miniaturizasi yibikoresho.
Porogaramu:
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-Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki:Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bya SiC bihebuje cyane mu muvuduko mwinshi, mwinshi-mwinshi, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, hamwe n’ibihe byinshi, byongera cyane imbaraga zo guhindura ingufu. Zikoreshwa cyane mu binyabiziga byamashanyarazi, sitasiyo zishyuza, sisitemu yo gufotora, gutwara gari ya moshi, hamwe na gride nziza.
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-Itumanaho rya Microwave:Ibikoresho bya SiC bishingiye kuri GaN RF nibyingenzi mubikorwa remezo byitumanaho bidafite umugozi, cyane cyane kuri sitasiyo ya 5G. Ibi bikoresho bihuza amashanyarazi meza ya SiC hamwe na GaN yumurongo mwinshi, ingufu za RF nyinshi, bigatuma bahitamo guhitamo ibisekuruza bizaza byihuta cyane.
Nitride ya Gallium (GaN)ni igisekuru cya gatatu cyagutse cya semiconductor ibikoresho hamwe na bande nini, itwara ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi wa electron, umuvuduko mwinshi, hamwe nibyiza byo gusenyuka. Ibikoresho bya GaN bifite ibyifuzo byinshi byo gukoresha mumashanyarazi menshi, yihuta cyane, hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi nkumucyo uzigama ingufu za LED, kwerekana projection ya laser, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, imiyoboro yubwenge, hamwe n’itumanaho rya 5G.
Gallium arsenide (GaAs)ni igice cya semiconductor kizwiho kuba cyinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi wa electron, ingufu nyinshi, urusaku ruke, hamwe n'umurongo mwiza. Ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bya optoelectronics ninganda za mikorobe. Muri optoelectronics, insimburangingo ya GaAs ikoreshwa mugukora LED (diode itanga urumuri), LD (diode ya laser), nibikoresho bifotora. Muri microelectronics, bakoreshwa mukubyara MESFETs (ibyuma-semiconductor field-effect transistors), HEMTs (transistors yo hejuru ya electronique), HBTs (heterojunction bipolar transistors), ICs (imiyoboro ihuriweho), diode ya microwave, nibikoresho bya Hall.
Indium fosifide (InP)ni kimwe mu bice byingenzi bya III-V byuzuzanya, bizwiho kuba bigenda cyane kuri electron, birwanya imirasire myiza, hamwe na bande yagutse. Ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bya optoelectronics ninganda za micrélectronics.
